癌癥干細胞PCR芯片 Cancer Stem Cells PCR Array

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癌癥干細胞PCR芯片 Cancer Stem Cells PCR Array

癌癥干細胞PCR芯片 Cancer Stem Cells PCR Array
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簡介：Cancer Stem Cells PCR Array 癌癥干細胞PCR芯片
提供商：SAbiosciences
服務名稱：癌癥干細胞PCR芯片
地區(qū)：美國

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Cancer Stem Cells PCR Array

癌癥干細胞PCR芯片

 
ProductSpeciesTechnologyCat. No.
Cancer Stem Cells PCR ArrayHumanGene ExpressionPAHS-176Z
Cancer Stem Cells PCR ArrayMouseGene ExpressionPAMM-176Z
Cancer Stem Cells PCR ArrayRatGene ExpressionPARN-176Z
The Human Cancer Stem Cells RT2 Profiler PCR array profiles the expression of 84 genes linked to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cancer researchers have struggled with the vexing problem that although many cancer drugs dramatically reduce the size of the tumors, most cancers eventually relapse. Dynamic changes in cancer cell populations during treatment suggest that a small population of cells resistant to current therapies is ultimately responsible for the re-growth of tumors.Furthermore, studies imply that these cells may provide a reservoir for the generation and propagation of mutant cells providing further resistance to therapy. The cancer-stem-cell hypothesis posits that only a very rare population of cells within tumors has the capacity for limitless self-renewal.This concept has important therapeutic implications, and may explain why many cancers return even after treatment removes any detectable tumor cells.If current treatments do not eliminate cancer stem cells, then they may regenerate the tumor once treatment stops. Recently, advances in technology have allowed the prospective identification and purification of CSCs from various different types of cancers for further characterization. The genes profiled with this array include CSC molecular markers and genes regulating CSC proliferation, self-renewal, and pluripotency to help ensure the stability of CSC isolates in culture. Also included are genes involved in CSC asymmetric cell division, migration and metastasis, and relevant signal transduction pathways to help facilitate CSC characterization as well as the targets of therapeutics currently being tested. A set of controls present on each array enables data analysis using the ΔΔCT method of relative quantification and assessment of reverse transcription performance, genomic DNA contamination, and PCR performance. Using real-time PCR, research studies can easily and reliably analyze the expression of a focused panel of genes related to cancer stem cells with this array.
The RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays are intended for molecular biology applications. This product is not intended for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of a disease.
癌癥干細胞PCR芯片用于研究與腫瘤干細胞(CSCs)相關的84個基因的表達。癌癥研究人員疲于應對棘手的問題,盡管許多抗癌藥物大幅減少腫瘤的大小,最終大多數癌癥復發(fā)。在治療期間癌癥細胞種群的動態(tài)變化表明,一個小種群細胞抵抗目前的治療方法是最終負責腫瘤復發(fā)。此外,研究表明,這些細胞可能會提供一個突變細胞的生成和傳播儲蓄池提供進一步的抵抗治療。腫瘤干細胞假說認為在腫瘤中只有很少的細胞具有無限的自我更新能力。這一概念具有重要的治療意義,甚至也許可以解釋為什么許多癌癥恢復甚至在治療清除任何檢測到的腫瘤細胞后。目前的治療如果不消除癌癥干細胞,那么一旦停止治療它們可能會再生腫瘤。最近技術的進步使得CSCs從不同類型的癌癥中做的預期鑒定和純化作進一步鑒定。這個芯片包括CSC分子標記和調節(jié)CSC增殖、自我更新和多潛能幫助確保CSC隔離培養(yǎng)的穩(wěn)定性的基因。還包括參與CSC不對稱細胞分裂、遷移和轉移、促進CSC鑒定的相關信號轉導通路的基因，以及當前已測試的治療靶點。每張芯片含一個對照組使得分析數據時可以用相對定量ΔΔCT方法評估逆轉錄效率,基因組DNA污染,和PCR效率。利用這張芯片，通過實時定量PCR，可以簡易且可靠地分析癌癥干細胞相關基因集的表達。
 
PCR芯片僅用于分子生物學應用。本產品不用于疾病的診斷、預防和治療。
 
Cancer Stem Cell Markers: ABCB5, ALCAM, ALDH1A1, ATXN1, BMI1, CD24, CD34, CD38, CD44, ENG, ETFA, FLOT2, GATA3, ITGA2, ITGA4, ITGA6, ITGB1, KIT, MS4A1, MUC1, PECAM1, PROM1, PTPRC, THY1.
Proliferation: EGF, ERBB2, KITLG, LIN28B, NOS2.
Self-Renewal: BMP7, DNMT1, FGFR2.
Pluripotency: KLF4, LIN28A, MYC, NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2.
Asymmetric Division: FOXP1, HDAC1, MYCN, SIRT1, WNT1.
Migration & Metastasis: AXL, ID1, IL8, KLF17, PLAT, PLAUR, SNAi1, TWIST1, TWIST2, ZEB1, ZEB2.
Loss of Stemness: ALDH1A1, CD34, DACH1, FOXA2, PECAM1, PTCH1.
Signal Transduction Pathways:
Hippo Signaling: LATS1, MERTK, SAV1, TAZ, WWC1, YAP1.
Hedgehog Signaling: PTCH1, SMO.
Notch Signaling: DLL1, DLL4, JAG1, MAML1, NOTCH1, NOTCH2.
WNT Signaling: DKK1, EPCAM, FZD7, WNT1.
PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling: ABCG2, GSK3B.
STAT/NFκB Signaling: IKBKB, JAK2, NFKB1.
Therapeutic Targets: ABCG2, ATM, AXL, CHEK1, DDR1, DKK1, EPCAM, FZD7, GSK3B, ID1, IKBKB, JAK2, KLF17, NFKB1, PTCH1, SMO, STAT3, TGFBR1, WEE1.
 

How it Works

The PCR array is a set of optimized real-time PCR primer assays on 96-well or 384-well plates for pathway or disease focused genes as well as appropriate RNA quality controls. The PCR array performs gene expression analysis with real-time PCR sensitivity and the multi-gene profiling capability of a microarray. Simply mix your cDNA template with the appropriate ready-to-use PCR master mix, aliquot equal volumes to each well of the same plate, and then run the real-time PCR cycling program. (Download user manual)

Figure 1:How PCR Arrays Work - Protocol Chart

 

What it offers?
     Guaranteed Performance* - ready-to-use for gene expression analysis
     Time and cost saving - less than 30 min hands-on time for analyzing 84 genes
     Ease of data analysis using our easy-to-use Excel-based data analysis template or web-based analysis tool

Layout and Controls: The PCR Arrays are available in both 96- and 384-well plates and are used to monitor the expression of 84 genes related to a disease state or pathway plus five housekeeping genes. Controls are also included on each array for genomic DNA contamination, RNA quality, and general PCR performance

You can easily perform a PCR Array experiment in your own laboratory, or send your samples to us and take advantage of our PCR Array Services.

*: when using complete PCR array system.

Performance Data Sensitivity:
The complete PCR Array System yields a greater-than 85 percent present call with as little as 25 ng as much as 5 μg of total RNA from a pathway representing genes expressed at a lower level (inflammatory cytokines and receptors).

Figure 2:PCR Arrays Let You See More Genes with Less RNA
Different amounts of universal total RNA were characterized using the Human Inflammatory Cytokines and Receptors PCR Array, and the percentage of detectable genes was calculated for each RNA amount.
As little as 25 ng total RNA yields greater than an 80% positive call, even for cytokines expressed at very low levels.

Reproducibility
The complete PCR Array System demonstrates strong correlations across technical replicates, lots, and instruments with average correlation coefficients > 0.99 insuring reliable detection of differences in expression between biological samples.


050825_1 050825_2 050825_3 050825_4
060111_10.9930.9890.9950.992
060111_20.9940.9900.9950.992
060111_30.9920.9900.9930.992
060111_40.9930.9920.9940.992
Figure 3:PCR Arrays Yield Highly Reproducible Results
Four replicate sets of raw threshold data (1-4) obtained by two different scientists (A & B) at two different times (050825 & 060111) on Human Drug Metabolism RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays are directly compared. The results demonstrate a high degree of correlation (R2 > 0.990).

Specificity
The complete PCR Array System, with high quality input RNA, is guaranteed to yield single bands of the predicted size without primer dimers or other secondary products thus providing the most accurate real-time PCR results possible.

Figure 4:PCR Arrays Amplify A Single Gene-Specific Product in Every Reaction.
Universal total RNA was characterized on the TGFβ / BMP Signaling Pathway PCR Array, followed by dissociation (melt) curve analysis. PCR Arrays specifically detect individual genes despite the expression of related gene family members in the same RNA sample.

 

Application Data

Cancer Research:
To ascertain the oncogenic route that two different human breast tumors have taken, the relative expression level of cancer- and adhesion-related genes in normal and two different cancerous tissues were compared.

Template cDNAs prepared from total RNA of normal human breast and two human breast tumors (BioChain Institute, Inc., 5.0 μg) were characterized in technical triplicates using the Human Cancer PathwayFinder? PCR Array and the Human Extracellular Matrix & Adhesion Molecule PCR Array with the RT2 SYBR Green / Fluorescein PCR master mix on the Bio-Rad iCycler?.

Figure 5:ECM & Adhesion PCR Arrays Revealed Up- and Down-Regulated Genes in Breast Cancer
Total RNA from normal human breast and a human breast tumor were characterized in technical triplicates, and the relative expression levels for each gene in the two samples are plotted against each other in the Scatter Plot. Genes encoding the matrix metallopeptidases (MMP3 & MMP9) and their inhibitors (TIMP3) are up-regulated, while genes encoding integrins (ITGB3 & ITGB4) are down-regulated, by at least three-fold (outside the silver field) in breast tumors relative to normal tissue.

 

Toxicology Research:
Rezulin (Troglitazone or "Tro" or "T"), a glitazone PPAR-gamma agonist, was approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but was withdrawn from the market due to idiosyncratic liver toxicity. Two similar drugs, Avandia (Rosiglitazone or "Rosi" or "R") and Actos (Pioglitazone or "Pio" or "P"), are considered to be safe treatments for the same condition. The expression profile of key drug metabolism genes should be different in cells treated with Rezulin versus those treated with Avandia and Actos.

Hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were treated at 80% cell confluence with these three drugs (100 μM, Cayman Chemical) or a DMSO vehicle control for 24 h. RNA isolated using the ArrayGrade? Total RNA Isolation Kit was used to characterize gene expression with the Human Drug Metabolism and Stress & Toxicity PathwayFinder? RT2 Profiler? PCR Arrays and RT2 SYBR Green / Fluorescein PCR master mix on the Bio-Rad iCycler?.

Figure 6:Stress & Toxicity PathwayFinder? PCR Array Uncovered Idiosyncratic Mechanisms of Action for Liver Toxicity Caused by 3 PPARγ Agonists.
RNA from HepG2 cells treated with three different glitazone PPARγ agonists for type 2 diabetes mellitus was characterized, and the results were compared to that of a vehicle (DMSO) control. A withdrawn drug with idiosyncratic liver toxicity (Rezulin) induces very different changes in the expression of stress-related genes than two safer drugs still on the market (Avandia and Actos).


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